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進入冬季以(yi)來，天氣(qi)轉冷，施(shi)工(gong)作業(ye)環(huan)境、條件復雜，為進一步強化冬期施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)程質量安(an)全(quan)管理，遏制各類施(shi)工(gong)質量問(wen)題及(ji)安(an)全(quan)事故發生，安(an)徽、河(he)北、黑龍(long)江、山東等地通過及(ji)時制定預案、運(yun)用保溫(wen)技術、開展安(an)全(quan)培訓等，確(que)保施(shi)工(gong)現場安(an)全(quan)過冬。

制定冬季預案 開展專項檢查

做好冬季施工預案對于應對特(te)殊氣候條件(jian)、保障施工進度和質量、提(ti)高施工安全性等方面(mian)都具(ju)有重要意義。

安(an)徽省(sheng)合肥(fei)市要求各參建(jian)企(qi)業，編制(zhi)有針對性的冬季(ji)施工方(fang)案和應(ying)急預案，針對極端天氣及時(shi)啟動預案、妥善處置，加強(qiang)對從業人員安(an)全(quan)生產教育，增強(qiang)安(an)全(quan)意識和應(ying)對突發事件的處置能力，完善應(ying)急救援預案，保障電話(hua)、傳真等(deng)通信暢(chang)通。各項目要保證施工現場管(guan)理(li)人員在(zai)(zai)崗在(zai)(zai)位在(zai)(zai)狀態，特別是惡劣天氣下嚴(yan)格執行領導帶班、重(zhong)要崗位24小時(shi)值班和信息報告制(zhi)度。

此外，各項(xiang)目要(yao)提高(gao)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)人(ren)員(yuan)消防(fang)(fang)、用(yong)火(huo)安(an)全(quan)意識，全(quan)程落實(shi)消防(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)檢查(cha)活(huo)動，尤其是要(yao)加強工(gong)(gong)人(ren)生活(huo)區消防(fang)(fang)安(an)全(quan)管理(li)、施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場消防(fang)(fang)設施(shi)配置、臨時用(yong)電(dian)管理(li)、建筑可燃(ran)垃圾、保(bao)溫材(cai)料等(deng)易(yi)燃(ran)易(yi)爆危(wei)險品(pin)材(cai)料存放和使用(yong)等(deng)。重(zhong)點做(zuo)好現場易(yi)燃(ran)易(yi)爆物品(pin)登記(ji)存放、消防(fang)(fang)器材(cai)配備、日常檢查(cha)維護、動火(huo)審批(pi)、臨時用(yong)電(dian)管理(li)等(deng)工(gong)(gong)作。

冬季(ji)有效(xiao)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)時間短(duan)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全(quan)風險(xian)高，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量也難以(yi)保障，河(he)北省滄州市要求(qiu)各單(dan)位要盡量避免冬季(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，凡必須組織冬季(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)的(de)項目要制定冬季(ji)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術方(fang)案(an)。方(fang)案(an)應結合冬季(ji)特點(dian)、施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)計(ji)劃和工(gong)(gong)程特點(dian)，提出針對性強的(de)安全(quan)技(ji)(ji)術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)和應急處置措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，切(qie)忌生搬硬(ying)套、濫竽充數。方(fang)案(an)需經施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業技(ji)(ji)術負責人審(shen)批同意，項目總監審(shen)查通過(guo)。

在做(zuo)好冬(dong)季施工(gong)(gong)預案的(de)同時(shi)，必(bi)須高度重視并認真開(kai)展冬(dong)季安(an)全大檢(jian)查(cha)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，及時(shi)發(fa)現(xian)潛(qian)在安(an)全隱患，防止事故發(fa)生(sheng)，保障施工(gong)(gong)人員生(sheng)命安(an)全。

近(jin)日(ri)，安(an)(an)徽省(sheng)寧國市住房城鄉(xiang)建(jian)設部門(men)組(zu)織開展了在建(jian)工(gong)(gong)地冬季安(an)(an)全(quan)大(da)檢(jian)查，安(an)(an)全(quan)檢(jian)查組(zu)工(gong)(gong)作人員深入在建(jian)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)項(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)地，通過隨(sui)機(ji)抽查與(yu)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)督導相結合的方式，重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)對(dui)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量(liang)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)、材(cai)料使用及(ji)(ji)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)驗收標(biao)準、安(an)(an)全(quan)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)等(deng)方面實(shi)施(shi)全(quan)面檢(jian)查。同時，檢(jian)查組(zu)人員還嚴(yan)格(ge)督促對(dui)深基坑及(ji)(ji)高邊坡(po)、有(you)限空(kong)間(jian)作業(ye)、高空(kong)作業(ye)等(deng)區域實(shi)施(shi)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)，加強(qiang)勞動防(fang)(fang)護(hu)(hu)用品管理(li)和消防(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)，嚴(yan)防(fang)(fang)高處(chu)墜落(luo)事故，強(qiang)化冬季施(shi)工(gong)(gong)應對(dui)措施(shi)及(ji)(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場安(an)(an)全(quan)管理(li)。在檢(jian)查中，安(an)(an)全(quan)檢(jian)查組(zu)還要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)要(yao)(yao)持續推動智慧工(gong)(gong)地建(jian)設，實(shi)施(shi)建(jian)設施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)全(quan)生命(ming)周期管理(li)，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)進一步提高安(an)(an)全(quan)意識(shi)，加強(qiang)冬季安(an)(an)全(quan)生產(chan)責(ze)任落(luo)實(shi)。

營造良好環境 保障施工質量

冬季氣溫低，機械設(she)(she)備在(zai)運作過(guo)程中容易結冰導致“趴窩”。在(zai)黑龍(long)江(jiang)省(sheng)哈爾(er)濱地鐵(tie)3號線建(jian)設(she)(she)現場，為了解決(jue)成槽(cao)機返(fan)回地面結冰的(de)難題，技術人員(yuan)在(zai)成槽(cao)機上(shang)加裝了一種可以噴(pen)出高(gao)(gao)溫高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)蒸汽(qi)的(de)設(she)(she)備：在(zai)成槽(cao)機每天連(lian)續施(shi)工的(de)24小時(shi)里，一直有(you)高(gao)(gao)溫高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)蒸汽(qi)“護體(ti)”，特別是卷鋼絲繩部位，通過(guo)噴(pen)蒸汽(qi)保(bao)溫，從(cong)而保(bao)持不凍狀態。這(zhe)個自主研發配置的(de)高(gao)(gao)溫高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)蒸汽(qi)設(she)(she)備，專(zhuan)門解決(jue)北(bei)方(fang)地區(qu)成槽(cao)機在(zai)冬季車站主體(ti)、出入口以及地連(lian)墻(qiang)施(shi)工中遭遇的(de)低溫困擾，極(ji)大(da)程度地保(bao)證了施(shi)工工期。

在冬季施(shi)工(gong)中，還有(you)一個難點便是焊接(jie)環節。山東省濟南市(shi)住房城(cheng)鄉(xiang)建設(she)局下(xia)發通(tong)知(zhi)：進入冬期(qi)施(shi)工(gong)階段，各(ge)工(gong)程參建單位(wei)(wei)要(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)控制環境(jing)(jing)溫(wen)度(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)求，對(dui)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)筋（鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)結構）焊接(jie)、鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)制管道焊接(jie)、聚乙烯管道熱熔對(dui)接(jie)、外墻保溫(wen)、防水、濕作業(ye)施(shi)工(gong)等關鍵工(gong)序(xu)，要(yao)(yao)嚴(yan)(yan)控施(shi)工(gong)環境(jing)(jing)溫(wen)度(du)(du)，溫(wen)度(du)(du)達不(bu)到要(yao)(yao)求的情況下(xia)嚴(yan)(yan)禁施(shi)工(gong)；參建單位(wei)(wei)應嚴(yan)(yan)格(ge)執行各(ge)項施(shi)工(gong)過程檢查驗收程序(xu)及(ji)標準，凡不(bu)符合要(yao)(yao)求的嚴(yan)(yan)禁進入下(xia)道工(gong)序(xu)施(shi)工(gong)。

新疆自治區昌吉州要求強化(hua)冬季施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管控(kong)，督促各施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企業做好(hao)關鍵工(gong)(gong)序和工(gong)(gong)藝質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)，綜合選用蒸(zheng)汽加(jia)熱法、電加(jia)熱法、暖棚(peng)法等(deng)進行(xing)外(wai)部加(jia)熱，控(kong)制(zhi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)區溫度，做好(hao)對預拌混凝土（砂(sha)漿(jiang)）、外(wai)加(jia)劑的配合比和原材料(liao)的加(jia)熱、攪拌、運(yun)輸(shu)、澆筑保溫控(kong)制(zhi)，確保冬期施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)程質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)。

強化安全培訓 增強工人意識

在冬季(ji)施工中，安全問題(ti)不容小覷，施工單(dan)位不僅要依靠技術手段，還需要加強施工人員的(de)安全意識培訓。

江蘇省無錫(xi)市空港項(xiang)目部(bu)結合工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的實(shi)際情況，制定了切實(shi)可行(xing)的冬(dong)季(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案，有組(zu)織，有計劃地(di)對冬(dong)施(shi)人(ren)員進行(xing)冬(dong)季(ji)防(fang)(fang)寒知識培訓，充分利用安(an)全(quan)教育課、工(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)欄(lan)、宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)條幅(fu)、警示標語等形式，廣泛進行(xing)宣(xuan)(xuan)傳(chuan)發動，大力(li)營(ying)造(zao)活動氛圍，讓全(quan)員熟知并(bing)了解崗位操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)規程(cheng)和防(fang)(fang)火防(fang)(fang)爆、防(fang)(fang)靜電等安(an)全(quan)知識，提高員工(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)操(cao)(cao)作(zuo)技能，增強冬(dong)季(ji)安(an)全(quan)生(sheng)產意(yi)識。

為進(jin)一步夯(hang)實安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)責(ze)任，強化(hua)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)意識，新(xin)疆自治區阿勒泰(tai)地區福海縣在加強冬(dong)季(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監管(guan)力(li)度的(de)(de)同(tong)時，就(jiu)《中華(hua)人民共和國安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)法》《建(jian)設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)管(guan)理條例》等法律法規以及冬(dong)季(ji)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)知識進(jin)行(xing)宣傳，進(jin)一步增(zeng)強項(xiang)(xiang)目負責(ze)人對質(zhi)量安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產(chan)形(xing)勢嚴(yan)峻(jun)性(xing)與復雜性(xing)的(de)(de)認識，規范施(shi)工(gong)(gong)現場操作行(xing)為，嚴(yan)禁冒險違章(zhang)作業(ye)，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面確保(bao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量，全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)力(li)推進(jin)項(xiang)(xiang)目建(jian)設。

在提(ti)高施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員安(an)全意(yi)識的同時(shi)，還要(yao)為(wei)(wei)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員提(ti)供保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)暖防(fang)凍物資(zi)，合(he)肥市城(cheng)鄉建設局要(yao)求各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)目做好防(fang)寒防(fang)凍工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，及時(shi)為(wei)(wei)一線工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)提(ti)供必要(yao)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)暖、防(fang)凍、防(fang)寒、防(fang)風物資(zi)，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)個人(ren)(ren)防(fang)護到位。在新(xin)疆自治區塔(ta)城(cheng)地區天然氣利民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程塔(ta)城(cheng)分輸站現場，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)們正在進(jin)行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝管道和放(fang)空火炬的焊接作(zuo)業，相(xiang)關負責(ze)人(ren)(ren)表示：“為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證冬季施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，項(xiang)(xiang)目部(bu)為(wei)(wei)現場的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)配備了保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)暖用品，像棉衣、棉鞋(xie)、棉褲、棉帽這些，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)證工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)不受凍。”