開欄語:發展智能建造(zao)是建筑業(ye)轉型發展的內在需要,是實(shi)現行業(ye)高質量發展的重要舉措。在日(ri)前召開(kai)的全(quan)國智能建造(zao)工作現場會上,北京、廈門等試點城市以(yi)及(ji)部(bu)分省級住房城鄉建設(she)主管(guan)部(bu)門作了典型經(jing)驗發言。為此(ci),本版開(kai)設(she)專(zhuan)欄,介紹部(bu)分試點城市等的經(jing)驗做法,敬(jing)請關注。
入選(xuan)智能(neng)建(jian)造(zao)試點城市(shi)以來,北京市(shi)堅決貫徹落實(shi)住房城鄉(xiang)建(jian)設部部署,強化(hua)首善意(yi)識(shi)、堅持(chi)首善標準,充分發揮(hui)科技創新中心優勢,積極(ji)探(tan)索智能(neng)建(jian)造(zao)發展路徑,打造(zao)“科技引領(ling)型(xing)”智能(neng)建(jian)造(zao)示范城市(shi)。
強化政策支持
北京市(shi)大力推動智能(neng)建(jian)造試(shi)點城市(shi)建(jian)設,強(qiang)化(hua)政策支(zhi)持力度、助力市(shi)場主體創新,各項工作取(qu)得顯著進展。
完(wan)善頂層布局(ju)。推(tui)(tui)動智能(neng)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)“入(ru)法”,將(jiang)相關要(yao)求(qiu)納(na)入(ru)《北(bei)(bei)京市(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑綠色發(fa)展(zhan)條例》,確(que)保發(fa)展(zhan)智能(neng)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)政策的(de)長期性、連續性。印發(fa)《北(bei)(bei)京市(shi)智能(neng)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)試點城市(shi)工(gong)作方案》等,對(dui)智能(neng)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)與(yu)新(xin)型建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)業化(hua)協同發(fa)展(zhan)工(gong)作作出部署。完(wan)善組織推(tui)(tui)進機制,推(tui)(tui)動智能(neng)建(jian)(jian)造(zao)(zao)(zao)部門(men)協調(diao)機制納(na)入(ru)北(bei)(bei)京市(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑綠色發(fa)展(zhan)工(gong)作聯(lian)席會(hui)議制度,確(que)保形成合力、一體推(tui)(tui)進。
支持科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)攻(gong)關。謀(mou)劃一批科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新支持政策,對智能建造予以科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)、項目、資金(jin)支持;建設一批科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新平臺,明確重點(dian)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)攻(gong)關方向,加強重點(dian)領(ling)域(yu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新布局;實施一批科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)計劃項目。
開展試(shi)點示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)。堅持企業(ye)(ye)創新主(zhu)體地位,選樹一批領軍企業(ye)(ye),充(chong)分發揮行(xing)業(ye)(ye)領軍和示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)帶動作用。建(jian)設BIM應用示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),立項“北京市BIM應用示(shi)(shi)范(fan)(fan)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”200余項共3000余萬平方米,涵蓋(gai)各(ge)類房屋建(jian)筑和市政基礎設施工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)類型。建(jian)設智能建(jian)造試(shi)點工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),幫助(zhu)試(shi)點項目探索智能建(jian)造應用場景(jing),樹立行(xing)業(ye)(ye)標桿(gan)。
建(jian)(jian)立標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)。支持智能建(jian)(jian)造相關技(ji)術(shu)及時形成北京市(shi)地方標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),發(fa)布實施(shi)地方標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)10余部(bu),組織編(bian)制(zhi)京津冀協(xie)同標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),初(chu)步建(jian)(jian)立智能建(jian)(jian)造標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)體系(xi)框架(jia)。
培育產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體系。培育產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)基(ji)地,推進產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)強鏈(lian)補鏈(lian)延鏈(lian),構建(jian)良好產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)生態。培育產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)平(ping)臺,發(fa)揮(hui)數(shu)據集聚(ju)和(he)規(gui)模效(xiao)應(ying),培育建(jian)筑業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)數(shu)字(zi)經濟發(fa)展新動能(neng)(neng)(neng)。發(fa)布(bu)(bu)典型應(ying)用場景,加快(kuai)新技術產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)推廣應(ying)用。打造產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)集聚(ju)區(qu),發(fa)布(bu)(bu)《智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)造產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展三年行(xing)動計劃(2024-2026)》《關(guan)于北京城市(shi)副中心促(cu)進智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)造產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展的實施細(xi)則》,對智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建(jian)造市(shi)級以上(shang)科創平(ping)臺、重點項目、新注冊企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等給(gei)予大力度財政(zheng)資金支持。
強化人(ren)才培(pei)養(yang)(yang)。強化高(gao)(gao)校(xiao)基(ji)礎人(ren)才培(pei)養(yang)(yang),全(quan)市(shi)9所(suo)高(gao)(gao)等、高(gao)(gao)職院校(xiao)開設智能(neng)建造(zao)專業。強化社(she)會人(ren)才技能(neng)培(pei)訓,主(zhu)辦(ban)2024年(nian)北京市(shi)建筑(zhu)業建筑(zhu)信息模型(xing)(BIM)技術職業技能(neng)大賽、舉辦(ban)“建筑(zhu)業‘BIM+’智能(neng)建造(zao)技術與應用實踐高(gao)(gao)級(ji)研修班”等。
促進企業創新
在各項(xiang)政(zheng)策引(yin)導和支持下,北京市在智能建造各領域(yu)均取得了典型進展(zhan)或(huo)示范應(ying)用成(cheng)果,發展(zhan)成(cheng)效顯著。
國(guo)產軟(ruan)(ruan)件研(yan)發取得突破(po)(po)。北京市在(zai)BIM底層圖(tu)形引擎“卡脖子”技術(shu)(shu)攻(gong)關方(fang)面取得了重(zhong)要進展。北京構力、廣(guang)聯達分別發布了BIMBase、BIMMake兩款建模(mo)軟(ruan)(ruan)件平臺,打破(po)(po)了國(guo)外技術(shu)(shu)壟斷(duan),并在(zai)多項(xiang)示(shi)范工程(cheng)成功運用。
BIM全產(chan)業鏈應用向縱深(shen)推(tui)進。打造一批示(shi)范亮點(dian)工程,如:北京藝術中(zhong)心項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)實(shi)施全專(zhuan)業、全要素、全過程BIM+智能建(jian)(jian)造應用;“國家會(hui)議中(zhong)心二(er)期項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)配(pei)套部分”實(shi)現(xian)了BIM正(zheng)向設計和圖模(mo)一致數字化(hua)交付(fu)。推(tui)動(dong)BIM全生命周(zhou)期應用,商(shang)品(pin)住(zhu)宅方(fang)面(mian),將該要求納入競高品(pin)質住(zhu)宅建(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)土地出(chu)讓條件;市級政府投資項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)方(fang)面(mian),要求單(dan)體建(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積2萬平方(fang)米以(yi)上房建(jian)(jian)、工程投資額3億(yi)元(yuan)以(yi)上市政、實(shi)施EPC和建(jian)(jian)筑師負責制項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)全壽(shou)命期應用BIM。
數字設(she)(she)計(ji)關鍵(jian)技術研發取得重要進展。多(duo)家(jia)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)咨詢公司依(yi)托PKPM軟(ruan)件(jian)平臺(tai),推(tui)出了(le)結(jie)構(gou)智能輔助(zhu)設(she)(she)計(ji)軟(ruan)件(jian)PKPM-AID,推(tui)動(dong)建筑(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)自動(dong)化(hua)(hua)、智能化(hua)(hua)技術應用,大大減(jian)輕設(she)(she)計(ji)師工(gong)(gong)作強(qiang)度。北京城建設(she)(she)計(ji)發展集(ji)團(tuan)研發軌道交(jiao)通工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)參(can)數化(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)計(ji)系統(tong),打造(zao)“端+云(yun)”智能設(she)(she)計(ji)環境,實(shi)現設(she)(she)計(ji)一(yi)(yi)鍵(jian)成圖(tu)、一(yi)(yi)鍵(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)成計(ji)算書、設(she)(she)計(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)產一(yi)(yi)站式管理。
智(zhi)能生(sheng)產(chan)創(chuang)新(xin)企業加(jia)快培育(yu)聚集。智(zhi)能生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian)建(jian)設初見成效,“三一(yi)筑工”研發并建(jian)設了(le)具有(you)自主(zhu)知識產(chan)權(quan)的部品部件生(sheng)產(chan)線(xian),致力于打造5G燈塔工廠;北京和能人(ren)居(ju)(ju)科技有(you)限(xian)公司(si)建(jian)立了(le)裝配式(shi)裝修部品部件“無人(ren)化(hua)(hua)”智(zhi)能制造工廠。一(yi)批模(mo)(mo)塊化(hua)(hua)建(jian)筑試點項目(mu)落地(di),北京亦莊藍(lan)領公寓項目(mu)采(cai)用鋼結構(gou)模(mo)(mo)塊(SMC),建(jian)筑面積12萬(wan)平方米,用時(shi)45天建(jian)成;西城區(qu)樺皮廠胡同8號樓改(gai)造項目(mu)在全(quan)國(guo)首次將混凝土模(mo)(mo)塊(MiC)技術應用至城市更新(xin)項目(mu)中,施工周期僅(jin)90天,大大縮短居(ju)(ju)民異(yi)地(di)安置時(shi)間,為老(lao)舊小區(qu)改(gai)造探索(suo)了(le)有(you)效途(tu)徑(jing)。
注重示范引領
北京市全面(mian)總結智能(neng)建造全過程好經(jing)驗(yan)、好做法,形成可復(fu)制(zhi)推廣的(de)先進經(jing)驗(yan)和案例,充分(fen)發(fa)揮(hui)示范引領作(zuo)用(yong)。
智(zhi)能(neng)施工(gong)(gong)示范做法要點逐步推廣(guang)。推廣(guang)智(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)工(gong)(gong)地有(you)效做法,發(fa)布(bu)《智(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)工(gong)(gong)地做法清(qing)單》《智(zhi)慧(hui)(hui)工(gong)(gong)地評(ping)價標(biao)準》等。建(jian)筑機器(qi)人、智(zhi)能(neng)裝(zhuang)備(bei)設備(bei)研(yan)發(fa)應(ying)用取得進展,北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)建(jian)工(gong)(gong)研(yan)發(fa)了施工(gong)(gong)現場混凝土(tu)模板智(zhi)能(neng)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)裝(zhuang)備(bei);北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)博(bo)清(qing)研(yan)發(fa)出(chu)無(wu)導軌爬(pa)壁(bi)式鋼結構焊接(jie)機器(qi)人以(yi)及(ji)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)薩(sa)達研(yan)發(fa)了塔吊運行安(an)全監控系統。推動AI大(da)(da)模型(xing)在施工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程中應(ying)用,廣(guang)聯達發(fa)布(bu)了建(jian)筑行業知識增強領域大(da)(da)模型(xing)AecGPT,已達到“通過(guo)一級建(jian)造(zao)(zao)師”考試的(de)“智(zhi)力水平”;北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)城建(jian)設計發(fa)展集團訓練“AI決策(ce)大(da)(da)腦”智(zhi)能(neng)體(ti),基于(yu)大(da)(da)模型(xing)能(neng)力打造(zao)(zao)新一代交(jiao)互(hu)工(gong)(gong)具,形成AI決策(ce)輔助生成式駕駛艙,賦能(neng)質量安(an)全監管;北(bei)(bei)京(jing)(jing)久譯科技有(you)限(xian)公司研(yan)發(fa)適用于(yu)復(fu)雜(za)建(jian)筑施工(gong)(gong)場景的(de)AI大(da)(da)模型(xing)技術,賦能(neng)施工(gong)(gong)安(an)全隱患(huan)智(zhi)能(neng)排查。
開展(zhan)典型示范,打造(zao)一(yi)批智慧運維示范案例,東城區探索采用智慧監測技術對72棟老舊房屋進行智能(neng)(neng)化監控,實現風(feng)險動態預(yu)警,成本(ben)僅(jin)為同強(qiang)度人(ren)工巡查的1/10;大興機場噪聲區安置房片區建立全市首個(ge)安置房低碳能(neng)(neng)源數智運營平臺,實現供熱精細化管理,綜合節能(neng)(neng)率可達30%。
加快平臺應用
為了推(tui)進建(jian)筑業(ye)智(zhi)能化、數字化發展,北(bei)京(jing)市以(yi)平臺建(jian)設為抓手,不(bu)斷提升(sheng)生(sheng)產、施工、監(jian)管等全流程(cheng)效(xiao)率(lv)。
建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)互(hu)聯網(wang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)雛(chu)形初步構建(jian)(jian)。緊抓智(zhi)(zhi)能建(jian)(jian)造發展(zhan)機遇,積極創建(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)互(hu)聯網(wang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai),助(zhu)力全(quan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈(lian)資源(yuan)優化配(pei)置、提升生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效率。三一筑(zhu)工推出“筑(zhu)享云(yun)”,包(bao)含項目管理、深化設計、構件生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、現場(chang)施工、模型交付(fu)等(deng)模塊;北(bei)(bei)京建(jian)(jian)誼集團推出“銫(se)鐠建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)工業(ye)互(hu)聯網(wang)平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)”,設定了建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品、平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai)工廠、智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)前臺(tai)(tai)、智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)運維等(deng)模塊;北(bei)(bei)京建(jian)(jian)工新材推出“新材智(zhi)(zhi)猛—新材智(zhi)(zhi)旭”平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)(tai),實現混(hun)凝土(tu)和預制構件供(gong)應、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、運輸、交付(fu)等(deng)全(quan)節點信息共享、全(quan)業(ye)務(wu)線(xian)上操作。
行業監(jian)管(guan)(guan)服(fu)務平臺(tai)整合互通(tong)加快推(tui)進(jin)。發布《北京市(shi)(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)住(zhu)建(jian)規劃(2023~2025年(nian))》,以場景為(wei)牽引、應用為(wei)導向,推(tui)進(jin)“智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)住(zhu)建(jian)”信(xin)息化體系的統建(jian)共(gong)(gong)用,夯實(shi)數(shu)據底板,建(jian)立“住(zhu)建(jian)一張圖”,推(tui)進(jin)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)數(shu)據互聯共(gong)(gong)享。推(tui)動項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)工(gong)地(di)平臺(tai)與市(shi)(shi)級監(jian)管(guan)(guan)平臺(tai)對接,“清華大學(xue)通(tong)州(zhou)金融發展和人才培(pei)養基地(di)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)”成為(wei)全(quan)市(shi)(shi)首個聯通(tong)市(shi)(shi)級建(jian)材(cai)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)平臺(tai)、實(shi)現建(jian)材(cai)遠程(cheng)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)的項(xiang)目(mu)(mu),全(quan)市(shi)(shi)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)工(gong)地(di)數(shu)據匯聚(ju)、遠程(cheng)智(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)取(qu)得了一定(ding)成效。
據介紹,北京(jing)市將細(xi)化各項政策措施,推動智能建(jian)造(zao)(zao)由“點上開花”邁向“串珠成(cheng)(cheng)鏈”的(de)更高(gao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)水平,努(nu)力將先進智能建(jian)造(zao)(zao)技術貫穿應(ying)用于建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)全過程,打造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)示范(fan)樣板(ban),培(pei)育(yu)良好(hao)的(de)上下游產業(ye)(ye)生態(tai),為建(jian)筑(zhu)業(ye)(ye)高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)貢獻力量。
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