3月9日，國務(wu)院總(zong)理李強(qiang)簽署第776號國務(wu)院令，公布(bu)《節約用水條(tiao)例(li)》（以下簡稱《條(tiao)例(li)》），自(zi)今年5月1日起(qi)施行。日前，司法部(bu)、水利部(bu)、住房城(cheng)鄉建設部(bu)、國家發展改(gai)革(ge)委負(fu)責人就《條(tiao)例(li)》的(de)有關問題回答了記者(zhe)提問。
問：請簡要介(jie)紹一下《條例》的(de)出臺(tai)背景。
答(da)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)事關(guan)國(guo)計民生的(de)基礎性(xing)自然(ran)資源(yuan)(yuan)和(he)戰略性(xing)經(jing)濟(ji)資源(yuan)(yuan)。我國(guo)人多水(shui)(shui)(shui)少(shao)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)供需矛盾(dun)突出，節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)是(shi)解(jie)決水(shui)(shui)(shui)安全(quan)(quan)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)關(guan)鍵。近(jin)年來，我國(guo)持續推(tui)進(jin)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)作，開展節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)型社會(hui)建(jian)設，取得積極(ji)成效。與此同(tong)時，我國(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)短缺形(xing)勢依然(ran)嚴峻，水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)剛性(xing)約束不(bu)足，節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)作仍面臨用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理有(you)(you)待(dai)(dai)加強、節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)措(cuo)施有(you)(you)待(dai)(dai)完善、激勵政策有(you)(you)待(dai)(dai)健(jian)全(quan)(quan)、監督力度(du)有(you)(you)待(dai)(dai)加大等問(wen)題(ti)，需要采取有(you)(you)力措(cuo)施切實加以解(jie)決。根據(ju)加強節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)作的(de)實際需要推(tui)進(jin)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)立法，制(zhi)定節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)專門行(xing)政法規(gui)(gui)，全(quan)(quan)面、系(xi)統規(gui)(gui)范和(he)促進(jin)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)活動，是(shi)貫徹落實習近(jin)平總書記關(guan)于治水(shui)(shui)(shui)重要論述精神和(he)黨中央(yang)、國(guo)務院(yuan)決策部署的(de)重要舉措(cuo)，是(shi)全(quan)(quan)面建(jian)設節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)型社會(hui)、保障國(guo)家(jia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)安全(quan)(quan)、推(tui)進(jin)生態文明建(jian)設、推(tui)動高質量發展的(de)客觀要求。
問：制(zhi)定《條例》的總體(ti)思路是什么？
答：《條例》制(zhi)定堅持以習近平新時代(dai)中國(guo)特色社會主義(yi)思(si)(si)想為指導(dao)，深入貫徹落(luo)實習近平總書記(ji)“節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)優(you)先、空間均衡、系(xi)(xi)統治理、兩手發力”的(de)(de)(de)治水(shui)(shui)(shui)思(si)(si)路，在立(li)法(fa)總體思(si)(si)路上主要把握了(le)以下幾點：一是立(li)足我國(guo)基本水(shui)(shui)(shui)情，針對節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工作存在的(de)(de)(de)突出(chu)問題和(he)薄弱環節(jie)，從加(jia)強用水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理、完善節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)措施、強化保(bao)障(zhang)監督、嚴格法(fa)律(lv)責任(ren)等方面，著力構建(jian)全面系(xi)(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)制(zhi)度(du)體系(xi)(xi)；二是認真總結(jie)黨的(de)(de)(de)十八大以來節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工作的(de)(de)(de)豐富(fu)實踐，將(jiang)行之有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)經驗做法(fa)轉化為制(zhi)度(du)規范；三(san)是做好與《中華人民共和(he)國(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)法(fa)》等相關法(fa)律(lv)、行政法(fa)規的(de)(de)(de)銜接，形(xing)成(cheng)制(zhi)度(du)合力。
問：《條例》從哪(na)些方面(mian)來加強用水管理？
答：一是加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)定(ding)額管(guan)理。規(gui)(gui)定(ding)國務院(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)、標準化主管(guan)部(bu)門(men)組織編制(zhi)主要(yao)農作物、重(zhong)點工業(ye)產品和(he)(he)(he)服務業(ye)國家用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)定(ding)額；省級(ji)人(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)有關行(xing)(xing)業(ye)主管(guan)部(bu)門(men)組織編制(zhi)本行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)區域的(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)定(ding)額；用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)定(ding)額應當根(gen)據(ju)(ju)經濟社(she)會發展水(shui)(shui)(shui)平、水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)狀況(kuang)、產業(ye)結構變(bian)化和(he)(he)(he)技術(shu)進(jin)步等情況(kuang)適時修訂。二是加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量控制(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理。規(gui)(gui)定(ding)縣級(ji)以上地(di)(di)方人(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)主管(guan)部(bu)門(men)會同有關部(bu)門(men)制(zhi)定(ding)年度(du)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)，實(shi)行(xing)(xing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量控制(zhi)；對用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)達到一定(ding)規(gui)(gui)模的(de)單位實(shi)行(xing)(xing)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理。三是規(gui)(gui)范用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量和(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)價制(zhi)度(du)。規(gui)(gui)定(ding)不同水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)、不同用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)應當分別計(ji)(ji)(ji)量并實(shi)行(xing)(xing)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量收費；任(ren)何單位和(he)(he)(he)個人(ren)(ren)不得侵占(zhan)、損毀、擅(shan)自(zi)移(yi)動(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)計(ji)(ji)(ji)量設施(shi)；建(jian)立促進(jin)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)價體系，根(gen)據(ju)(ju)經濟社(she)會發展水(shui)(shui)(shui)平、水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)狀況(kuang)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)定(ding)額、供水(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)(cheng)本、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)戶(hu)承受能力和(he)(he)(he)節(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)要(yao)求(qiu)等，完善水(shui)(shui)(shui)價形成(cheng)(cheng)機制(zhi)。四是控制(zhi)高耗水(shui)(shui)(shui)產業(ye)項目建(jian)設。規(gui)(gui)定(ding)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)嚴(yan)重(zhong)短缺地(di)(di)區、地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)超(chao)采地(di)(di)區應當嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)高耗水(shui)(shui)(shui)產業(ye)項目建(jian)設。
問(wen)：《條例》在完善(shan)節水措施方面有哪些規定？
答(da)：一(yi)是推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)農業(ye)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)增(zeng)效。規定(ding)調整種植(zhi)養(yang)殖結構和(he)農業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)結構，發展節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)型(xing)農業(ye)和(he)旱(han)(han)作農業(ye)；推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉技(ji)術(shu)；加強(qiang)農村(cun)生(sheng)活供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以及配(pei)(pei)套(tao)管網建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)改(gai)造。二是推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)工(gong)業(ye)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)減排。要求工(gong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)、適(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)技(ji)術(shu)、工(gong)藝和(he)設(she)(she)備；高耗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)業(ye)企(qi)業(ye)推(tui)(tui)廣(guang)廢(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)深(shen)度處理回用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)技(ji)術(shu)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平超過用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)定(ding)額的限期進(jin)(jin)(jin)行節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)改(gai)造；新(xin)建(jian)(jian)、改(gai)建(jian)(jian)、擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)工(gong)業(ye)集(ji)聚區統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)相關(guan)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，實現一(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)多(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)循環利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。三是推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)降損(sun)。規定(ding)全面推(tui)(tui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)；建(jian)(jian)立供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管網設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)漏損(sun)控制體(ti)系，支持(chi)老舊供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管網設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)改(gai)造；推(tui)(tui)動降低(di)建(jian)(jian)筑運行水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)耗；要求水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)短(duan)缺(que)地區城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)園林綠化優先(xian)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)耐旱(han)(han)型(xing)植(zhi)被，采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉方(fang)式(shi)，嚴(yan)格控制人(ren)(ren)造河湖等(deng)景觀用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。四是促進(jin)(jin)(jin)非常規水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。要求縣級以上(shang)地方(fang)人(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府將非常規水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)納(na)入水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)配(pei)(pei)置，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)短(duan)缺(que)地區制定(ding)非常規水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)計劃(hua)(hua)；統(tong)(tong)籌(chou)規劃(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)基礎(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)綠化等(deng)優先(xian)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)再生(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)；提高雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)化利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平；積極開發利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)海水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)。
問：《條例》對節(jie)水的保(bao)障(zhang)和監(jian)督措施(shi)有哪(na)些規定(ding)？
答(da)：激勵(li)(li)(li)和保障方(fang)面，規(gui)定縣級以上地(di)方(fang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府(fu)健全(quan)農(nong)業用(yong)水精(jing)準補(bu)貼機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)和節(jie)水獎(jiang)勵(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)；對符(fu)合(he)條件的節(jie)水項目(mu)給予(yu)補(bu)助；鼓(gu)勵(li)(li)(li)金融機(ji)(ji)構(gou)加大融資支(zhi)持(chi)力度(du)，鼓(gu)勵(li)(li)(li)引(yin)導社會(hui)資本參與節(jie)水項目(mu)建(jian)設運(yun)營；鼓(gu)勵(li)(li)(li)發展節(jie)水服務產業，引(yin)導推動(dong)節(jie)水服務機(ji)(ji)構(gou)與用(yong)水單位或(huo)者個人(ren)(ren)簽(qian)訂節(jie)水管理合(he)同；培育和規(gui)范(fan)水權市場，支(zhi)持(chi)開展水權交易；對節(jie)水成績顯著(zhu)的單位和個人(ren)(ren)給予(yu)表(biao)彰獎(jiang)勵(li)(li)(li)。監(jian)督考核方(fang)面，要求(qiu)政府(fu)有(you)關部門加強監(jian)督檢查，明確(que)監(jian)督檢查措施；建(jian)立舉報制(zhi)度(du)；強化監(jian)督考核，將節(jie)水目(mu)標完(wan)成情(qing)況納入對地(di)方(fang)人(ren)(ren)民(min)政府(fu)及其(qi)負責人(ren)(ren)考核范(fan)圍。
問：《條例》對(dui)違法行為的法律責任有(you)哪些規定？
答：對侵占、損毀、擅(shan)自(zi)移動用(yong)水(shui)(shui)計量(liang)設施或(huo)者干擾用(yong)水(shui)(shui)計量(liang)，高耗水(shui)(shui)工業企業用(yong)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)平超過用(yong)水(shui)(shui)定(ding)額且未按(an)期進行(xing)(xing)(xing)節水(shui)(shui)改造(zao)等違法行(xing)(xing)(xing)為，規(gui)定(ding)了罰(fa)款、吊銷取水(shui)(shui)許可證等嚴(yan)格的(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政處(chu)罰(fa)。對使(shi)用(yong)國(guo)家明令(ling)淘汰(tai)的(de)落后的(de)、耗水(shui)(shui)量(liang)高的(de)技術、工藝、設備和產品等違法行(xing)(xing)(xing)為，規(gui)定(ding)依照《中(zhong)華人(ren)民共和國(guo)水(shui)(shui)法》的(de)有關規(gui)定(ding)給予處(chu)罰(fa)。
問：為確保《條例》順利實施，有(you)關方(fang)面還(huan)將開展哪些工作？
答：為確(que)保《條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)》順利實(shi)(shi)施(shi)，有(you)關(guan)方面將著重開(kai)展(zhan)三方面工(gong)作：一是持續抓好宣傳貫徹。采取多種形(xing)式做(zuo)好《條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)》的(de)宣傳解讀和(he)培訓等工(gong)作，使有(you)關(guan)各方充分知曉和(he)準確(que)掌握《條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)》內容，為《條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)》順利實(shi)(shi)施(shi)營造良(liang)好社會氛圍。二(er)是及時(shi)跟(gen)進配套制度(du)(du)建設。《條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)》確(que)立(li)了節(jie)水管理的(de)基(ji)本制度(du)(du)框架，要(yao)及時(shi)出臺更(geng)為具體、操作性(xing)更(geng)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)相關(guan)配套規定，進一步(bu)細(xi)化制度(du)(du)措施(shi)，確(que)保《條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)》落地落實(shi)(shi)。三是加強(qiang)(qiang)監督檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)。不斷加強(qiang)(qiang)執(zhi)法隊(dui)伍(wu)建設，提升執(zhi)法能力和(he)水平，加大執(zhi)法監督力度(du)(du)，嚴格依法查(cha)(cha)處違法行為，切實(shi)(shi)做(zuo)好《條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)(li)》的(de)貫徹實(shi)(shi)施(shi)。
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